The water management industry is deeply affected by its construction inconsistencies. Specifically, new water pipes coexist with the older distribution system dating back 50 years. As a result, failures occur, and water leakages emerge. Yet, water leakage problems are challenging and difficult to contain or manage effectively.

Per year, there is a 20% average loss of treated water globally. So, assuming that leakages are left unattended, they can result in around 31.5 million m3/year of water loss and €16 million in revenue. At the same time, processing water and wastewater is energy-intensive and accounts for around 40% of municipal energy use, commonly produced by burning fossil fuels with carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of up to 5%. Thus, a definitive solution should be found regarding problems with groundwater management, source water protection, and the treatment of existing and new wastewater.